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1C Temperature Monitor with Series Resistance Cancellation ADT7461*
FEATURES
On-chip and remote temperature sensor 0.25C resolution/1C accuracy on remote channel 1C resolution/3C accuracy on local channel Automatically cancels up to 3 k (typ) of resistance in series with remote diode to allow noise filtering Extended, switchable temperature measurement range 0C to +127C (default) or -55C to +150C Pin and register compatible with ADM1032 2-wire SMBus serial interface with SMBus alert support Programmable over/under temperature limits Offset registers for system calibration Up to 2 overtemperature fail-safe THERM outputs Small 8-lead SOIC or MSOP package 170 A operating current, 5.5 A standby current
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The ADT7461 is a dual-channel digital thermometer and under/over temperature alarm, intended for use in PCs and thermal management systems. It is pin and register compatible with the ADM1032. The ADT7461 has three additional features: series resistance cancellation, where up to 3 k (typical) of resistance in series with the temperature monitoring diode may be automatically cancelled from the temperature result, allowing noise filtering; configurable ALERT output; and an extended, switchable temperature measurement range. The ADT7461 can measure the temperature of a remote thermal diode accurate to 1C, and the ambient temperature accurate to 3C. The temperature measurement range defaults to 0C to +127C, compatible with ADM1032, but can be switched to a wider measurement range, from -55C to +150C. The ADT7461 communicates over a 2-wire serial interface compatible with system management bus (SMBus) standards. An ALERT output signals when the on-chip or remote temperature is out of range. The THERM output is a comparator output that allows on/off control of a cooling fan. The ALERT output can be reconfigured as a second THERM output if required. *Protected by U.S. Patents 5,195,827; 5,867,012; 5,982,221; 6,097,239; 6,133,753; 6,169,442; other patents pending.
CONVERSION RATE REGISTER LOCAL TEMPERATURE VALUE REGISTER ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER LOCAL TEMPERATURE LOW LIMIT REGISTER
APPLICATIONS
Desktop and notebook computers Industrial controllers Smart batteries Automotive Enbedded systems Burn-in applications Instrumentation
ON-CHIP TEMPERATURE SENSOR
DIGITAL MUX
LIMIT COMPARATOR
DIGITAL MUX
ANALOG MUX BUSY D+ D-
2 3
LOCAL TEMPERATURE HIGH LIMIT REGISTER REMOTE TEMPERATURE LOW LIMIT REGISTER REMOTE TEMPERATURE HIGH LIMIT REGISTER LOCAL THERM LIMIT REGISTER
ADC RUN/STANDBY REMOTE TEMPERATURE VALUE REGISTER
SRC BLOCK
REMOTE OFFSET REGISTER
EXTERNAL THERM LIMIT REGISTER CONFIGURATION REGISTER
EXTERNAL DIODE OPEN-CIRCUIT STATUS REGISTER
INTERRUPT MASKING
ADT7461
SMBus INTERFACE
1 5 7 8 4 6
04110-0-012
VDD
GND
SDATA
SCLK
THERM
ALERT/ THERM2
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram Rev. 0
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ADT7461 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ADT7461-Specifications................................................................. 3 SMBus Timing Specifications ......................................................... 4 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 5 Pin Configuration and Pin Function Descriptions...................... 6 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 Functional Description .................................................................... 9 Series Resistance Cancellation.................................................... 9 Temperature Measurement Method .......................................... 9 Temperature Measurement Results.......................................... 10 Temperature Measurement Range ........................................... 10 Temperature Data Format ......................................................... 10 ADT7461 Registers .................................................................... 11 Serial Bus Interface..................................................................... 14 Addressing the Device ............................................................... 14 Alert Output................................................................................ 16 Low Power Standby Mode......................................................... 16 Sensor Fault Detection .............................................................. 16 The ADT7461 Interrupt System............................................... 17 Application Information ........................................................... 18 Factors Affecting Diode Accuracy ........................................... 18 Thermal Inertia and Self-Heating ............................................ 19 Layout Considerations............................................................... 19 Application Circuit..................................................................... 20 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 21 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 21
REVISION HISTORY
Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 24
ADT7461 ADT7461-SPECIFICATIONS
Table 1. ADT7461 Specifications at TA = -40C to +120C , VDD = 3 V to 5.5 V, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter POWER SUPPLY Supply Voltage, VDD Average Operating Supply Current, IDD Min 3.0 Typ 3.30 170 5.5 5.5 2.55 Max 5.5 215 10 20 2.8 2.5 3 1 3 0.25 96 36 6 32.13 3.2 Maximum Series Resistance Cancelled OPEN-DRAIN DIGITAL OUTPUTS (THERM, ALERT/THERM2) Output Low Voltage, VOL High Level Output Leakage Current, IOH ALERT Output Low Sink Current SMBus INTERFACE3, 4 Logic Input High Voltage, VIH SCLK, SDATA Logic Input Low Voltage, VIL SCLK, SDATA Hysteresis SMBus Output Low Sink Current Logic Input Current, IIH, IIL SMBus Input Capacitance, SCLK, SDATA SMBus Clock Frequency SMBus Timeout5 SCLK Falling Edge to SDATA Valid Time 3 114.6 12.56 Unit V A A A V V C C C C C A A A ms ms k Test Conditions
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold Power-On-Reset Threshold TEMPERATURE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Local Sensor Accuracy Resolution Remote Diode Sensor Accuracy Resolution Remote Sensor Source Current
2.2 1
0.0625 Conversions/Sec Rate1 Standby Mode , -40C TA +85C Standby Mode, +85C TA +120C VDD Input, Disables ADC, Rising Edge
1 1
-40C TA +100C, 3 V VDD 3.6 V +60C TA +100C, -55C TD 2 +150C, 3 V VDD 3.6 V -40C TA +120C, -55C TD 2 +150C, 3 V VDD 5.5 V High Level3 Middle Level3 Low Level3 From Stop Bit to Conversion Complete (Both Channels) OneShot Mode with Averaging Switched On One-Shot Mode with Averaging Off (i.e., Conversion Rate = 16, 32, or 64 Conversions per Second) Resistance Split Evenly on Both the D+ and D- Inputs
Conversion Time
0.1 1 2.1
0.4 1
V A mA V
IOUT = -6.0 mA3 VOUT = VDD 3 ALERT forced to 0.4 V 3 V VDD 3.6 V 3 V VDD 3.6 V
0.8 500 6 -1 5 25 400 64 1 +1
V mV mA A pF kHz ms s
SDATA Forced to 0.6 V
User Programmable. Master Clocking in Data
1 2
See Table 8 for information on other conversion rates. Guaranteed by characterization but not production tested. 3 Guaranteed by design but not production tested. 4 See SMBus Timing Specifications section for more information. 5 Disabled by default. Details on how to enable it are in the SMBus section of this data sheet. Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 24
ADT7461 SMBus TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2. SMBus Timing Specifications1
Parameter fSCLK tLOW tHIGH tR tF tSU; STA tHD; STA2 tSU; DAT3 tHD; DAT tSU; STO4 tBUF Limit at TMIN, TMAX 400 4.7 4 1 300 4.7 4 250 300 4 4.7 Unit kHz max s min s min s max ns max s min s min ns min s min s min s min Description Clock Low Period, between 10% Points. Clock High Period, between 90% Points. Clock/Data Rise Time. Clock/Data Fall Time. Start Condition Setup Time. Start Condition Hold Time. Data Setup Time. Data Hold Time. Stop Condition Setup Time. Bus Free Time between Stop and Start Conditions.
1 2
Guaranteed by design but not production tested. Time from 10% of SDATA to 90% of SCLK. 3 Time for 10% or 90% of SDATA to 10% of SCLK. 4 Time for 90% of SCLK to 10% of SDATA.
tLOW
SCLK
tR
tF
tHD;STA
tHD;STA tHD;DAT
SDATA
tHIGH tSU;DAT
tSU;STA
tSU;STO
STOP START
START
STOP
Figure 2. Serial Bus Timing
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 24
04110-0-001
tBUF
ADT7461 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 3. ADT7461 Absolute Maximum Ratings*
Parameter Positive Supply Voltage (VDD) to GND D+ D- to GND SCLK, SDATA, ALERT THERM Input Current, SDATA, THERM Input Current, D- ESD Rating, All Pins (Human Body Model) Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ Max) Storage Temperature Range IR Reflow Peak Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) Rating -0.3 V, +5.5 V -0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V -0.3 V to +0.6 V -0.3 V to +5.5 V -0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V -1 mA, +50 mA 1 mA 2000 V 150C -65C to +150C 220C 300C
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
8-Lead SOIC Package JA = 121C/W 8-Lead MSOP Package JA = 142C/W
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 24
ADT7461 PIN CONFIGURATION AND PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
VDD D+ D- THERM
1 2 3 4 8
SCLK SDATA GND
04110-0-013
ADT7461
TOP VIEW (Not to Scale)
7 6 5
ALERT/THERM2
Figure 3. Pin Configuration
Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mnemonic VDD D+ D- THERM GND ALERT/THERM2 SDATA SCLK Description Positive Supply, 3 V to 5.5 V. Positive Connection to Remote Temperature Sensor. Negative Connection to Remote Temperature Sensor. Open-Drain Output that can be used to turn a fan on/off or throttle a CPU clock in the event of an overtemperature condition. Requires pull-up to VDD. Supply Ground Connection. Open-Drain Logic Output used as interrupt or SMBus alert. This may also be configured as a second THERM output. Requires pull-up resistor. Logic Input/Output, SMBus Serial Data. Open-drain output. Requires pull-up resistor. Logic Input, SMBus Serial Clock. Requires pull-up resistor.
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 24
ADT7461 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
60 40 TEMPERATURE ERROR (C) TEMPERATURE ERROR (C) D+ TO GND 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 20 40 60 80 LEAKAGE REISITANVE (M) D+ TO VCC
20 250mV EXTERNAL 15 10 100mV INTERNAL 5 0 -5 250mV INTERNAL
04110-0-017
100mV EXTERNAL
04110-0-015
-10 -15 0 20 FREQUENCY (MHz)
100
40
Figure 4. Temperature Error vs. Leakage Resistance
0 -0.1
Figure 7. Temperature Error vs. Power Supply Noise Frequency
0 -10
TEMPERATURE ERROR (C)
-0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -0.8 -3
04110-0-022
TEMPERATURE ERROR (C)
-20 -30 -40 -50
04110-0-018
-60 -70 0 5 10 15 20 CAPACITANCE (nF)
-10
10
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
25
TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 5. Temperature Error vs. Actual Temperature Using 2N3906
180 160
Figure 8. Temperature Error vs. Capacitance between D+ and D-
800 700
TEMPERATURE ERROR (C)
140 120
100mV
600 500
5.5V
IDD (A)
60mV
04110-0-014
100 80 60 40
400 300 200
20 0 -20 0 100 200 300
100 0 0.01
40mV 400 500 FREQUENCY (MHz)
600
0.1
1 CONVERSION RATE (Hz)
10
100
Figure 6. Temperature Error vs. Differential Mode Noise Frequency
Figure 9. Operating Supply Current vs. Conversion Rate
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 24
04110-0-019
3V
ADT7461
60
7 6
100mV
50
TEMPERATURE ERROR (C)
40
5
IDD (A)
4 3 2
30
20 60mV
04110-0-016
0 0 100 200 300 400 500 FREQUENCY (MHz)
600
0 3.0 3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2 4.4 VDD (V)
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2 5.4
Figure 10. Temperature Error vs. Common-Mode Noise Frequency
40 35 30 5.5V 25
IDD (A)
Figure 12. Standby Current vs. Supply Voltage
50 45 40
TEMPERATURE ERROR (C)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 0 2 10 200 1k
3.3V T = -30 3.3V T = +25 3.3V T = +120 5.5V T = -30 5.5V T = +25 5.5V T = +120
04110-0-023
20 15 10 3V 5 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 SCL CLOCK FREQUENCY (kHz)
04110-0-020
400
2k
3k
4k
SERIES RESISTANCE ()
Figure 11. Standby Supply Current vs. Clock Frequency
Figure 13. Temperature Error vs. Series Resistance
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 24
04110-0-021
10
40mV
1
ADT7461 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The ADT7461 is a local and remote temperature sensor and over/under temperature alarm, with the added ability to automatically cancel the effect of 3 k (typical) of resistance in series with the temperature monitoring diode. When the ADT7461 is operating normally, the on-board ADC operates in a free-running mode. The analog input multiplexer alternately selects either the on-chip temperature sensor to measure its local temperature or the remote temperature sensor. The ADC digitizes these signals and the results are stored in the local and remote temperature value registers. The local and remote measurement results are compared with the corresponding high, low, and THERM temperature limits, stored in eight on-chip registers. Out-of-limit comparisons generate flags that are stored in the status register. A result that exceeds the high temperature limit, the low temperature limit, or an external diode fault will cause the ALERT output to assert low. Exceeding THERM temperature limits causes the THERM output to assert low. The ALERT output can be reprogrammed as a second THERM output. The limit registers can be programmed, and the device controlled and configured, via the serial SMBus. The contents of any register can also be read back via the SMBus. Control and configuration functions consist of: switching the device between normal operation and standby mode, selecting the temperature measurement scale, masking or enabling the ALERT output, switching Pin 6 between ALERT and THERM2, and selecting the conversion rate.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT METHOD
A simple method of measuring temperature is to exploit the negative temperature coefficient of a diode, measuring the base-emitter voltage (VBE) of a transistor, operated at constant current. Unfortunately, this technique requires calibration to null out the effect of the absolute value of VBE, which varies from device to device. The technique used in the ADT7461 is to measure the change in VBE when the device is operated at three different currents. Previous devices have used only two operating currents, but it is the use of a third current that allows automatic cancellation of resistances in series with the external temperature sensor. Figure 14 shows the input signal conditioning used to measure the output of an external temperature sensor. This figure shows the external sensor as a substrate transistor, but it could equally be a discrete transistor. If a discrete transistor is used, the collector will not be grounded and should be linked to the base. To prevent ground noise interfering with the measurement, the more negative terminal of the sensor is not referenced to ground but is biased above ground by an internal diode at the D- input. C1 may optionally be added as a noise filter (recommended maximum value 1000 pF). However, a better option in noisy environments is to add a filter, as described in the section on Noise Filtering. See the section on Layout Considerations for more information on C1. To measure VBE, the operating current through the sensor is switched among three related currents. Shown in Figure 14, N1 x I and N2 x I are different multiples of the current I. The currents through the temperature diode are switched between I and N1 x I, giving VBE1, and then between I and N2 x I, giving VBE2. The temperature may then be calculated using the two VBE measurements. This method can also be shown to cancel the effect of any series resistance on the temperature measurement. The resulting VBE waveforms are passed through a 65 kHz low-pass filter to remove noise and then to a chopper-stabilized amplifier. This amplifies and rectifies the waveform to produce a dc voltage proportional to VBE. The ADC digitizes this voltage and a temperature measurement is produced. To reduce the effects of noise, digital filtering is performed by averaging the results of 16 measurement cycles for low conversion rates. At rates of 16, 32, and 64 conversions/second, no digital averaging takes place. Signal conditioning and measurement of the internal temperature sensor is performed in the same manner.
SERIES RESISTANCE CANCELLATION
Parasitic resistance, seen in series with the remote diode, to the D+ and D- inputs to the ADT7461, is caused by a variety of factors, including PCB track resistance and track length. This series resistance appears as a temperature offset in the remote sensor's temperature measurement. This error typically causes a 0.5C offset per ohm of parasitic resistance in series with the remote diode. The ADT7461 automatically cancels out the effect of this series resistance on the temperature reading, giving a more accurate result, without the need for user characterization of this resistance. The ADT7461 is designed to automatically cancel typically up to 3 k of resistance. By using an advanced temperature measurement method, this is transparent to the user. This feature allows resistances to be added to the sensor path to produce a filter, allowing the part to be used in noisy environments. See the section on Noise Filtering for more details.
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 24
ADT7461
VDD I N1xI N2xI IBIAS
D+ C1* D- BIAS DIODE LOW-PASS FILTER fC = 65kHz
VOUT+ TO ADC VOUT-
REMOTE SENSING TRANSISTOR
*CAPACITOR C1 IS OPTIONAL. IT SHOULD ONLY BE USED IN NOISY ENVIRONMENTS.
Figure 14. Input Signal Conditioning
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT RESULTS
The results of the local and remote temperature measurements are stored in the local and remote temperature value registers and are compared with limits programmed into the local and remote high and low limit registers. The local temperature value is in Register 0x00 and has a resolution of 1C. The external temperature value is stored in two registers, with the upper byte in Register 0x01 and the lower byte in Register 0x10. Only the two MSBs in the external temperature low byte are used. This gives the external temperature measurement a resolution of 0.25C. Table 5 shows the data format for the external temperature low byte. Table 5. Extended Temperature Resolution (Remote Temperature Low Byte)
Extended Resolution 0.00C 0.25C 0.50C 0.75C Remote Temperature Low Byte 0 000 0000 0 100 0000 1 000 0000 1 100 0000
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT RANGE
The temperature measurement range for both internal and external measurements is, by default, 0C to +127C. However, the ADT7461 can be operated using an extended temperature range. It can measure the full temperature range of an external diode, from -55C to +150C. The user can switch between these two temperature ranges by setting or clearing Bit 2 in the configuration register. A valid result is available in the next measurement cycle after changing the temperature range. In extended temperature mode, the upper and lower temperature that can be measured by the ADT7461 is limited by the remote diode selection. The temperature registers themselves can have values from -64C to +191C. However, most temperature sensing diodes have a maximum temperature range of -55C to +150C. It should be noted that while both local and remote temperature measurements can be made while the part is in extended temperature mode, the ADT7461 itself should not be exposed to temperatures greater than those specified in the absolute maximum ratings section. Further, the device is only guaranteed to operate as specified at ambient temperatures from -40C to +120C.
When reading the full external temperature value, both the high and low byte, the two registers should be read in succession. Reading one register does not lock the other, so both should be read before the next conversion finishes. In practice, there is more than enough time to read both registers, as transactions over the SMBus are significantly faster than a conversion time.
TEMPERATURE DATA FORMAT
The ADT7461 has two temperature data formats. When the temperature measurement range is from 0C to +127C (default), the temperature data format for both internal and external temperature results is binary. When the measurement range is in extended mode, an offset binary data format is used for both internal and external results. Temperature values in the offset binary data format are offset by +64. Examples of temperatures in both data formats are shown in Table 6.
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 24
04110-0-002
ADT7461
Table 6. Temperature Data Format (Local and Remote Temperature High Byte)
Temperature -55C 0C +1C +10C +25C +50C +75C +100C +125C +127C +150C Binary 0 000 00002 0 000 0000 0 000 0001 0 000 1010 0 001 1001 0 011 0010 0 100 1011 0 110 0100 0 111 1101 0 111 1111 0 111 11113 Offset Binary1 0 000 1001 0 100 0000 0 100 0001 0 100 1010 0 101 1001 0 111 0010 1 000 1011 1 010 0100 1 011 1101 1 011 1111 1 101 0110
1 2
Offset binary scale temperature values are offset by +64. Binary scale temperature measurement returns 0 for all temperatures < 0C. 3 Binary scale temperature measurement returns 127 for all temperature > 127C.
The user may switch between measurement ranges at any time. Switching the range will also switch the data format. The next temperature result following the switching will be reported back to the register in the new format. However, the contents of the limit registers will not change. It is up to the user to ensure that when the data format changes, the limit registers are reprogrammed as necessary. More information on this can be found in the Limit Registers section.
The external temperature value high byte register is at Address 0x01, with the low byte register at Address 0x10. The power-on default for all three registers is 0x00.
Configuration Register
The configuration register is Address 0x03 at read and Address 0x09 at write. Its power-on default is 0x00. Only four bits of the configuration register are used. Bits 0, 1, 3, and 4 are reserved and should not be written to by the user. Bit 7 of the configuration register is used to mask the ALERT output. If Bit 7 is 0, the ALERT output is enabled. This is the power-on default. If Bit 7 is set to 1, the ALERT output is disabled. This only applies if Pin 6 is configured as ALERT. If Pin 6 is configured as THERM2, then the value of Bit 7 has no effect. If Bit 6 is 0, power-on default, the device is in operating mode with the ADC converting. If Bit 6 is set to 1, the device is in standby mode and the ADC does not convert. The SMBus does, however, remain active in standby mode, so values can be read from or written to the ADT7461 via the SMBus in this mode. The ALERT and THERM outputs are also active in standby mode. Changes made to the registers in standby mode that affect the THERM or ALERT outputs will cause these signals to be updated. Bit 5 determines the configuration of Pin 6 on the ADT7461. If Bit 5 is 0, (default) then Pin 6 is configured as an ALERT output. If Bit 5 is 1, then Pin 6 is configured as a THERM2 output. Bit 7, the ALERT mask bit, is only active when Pin 6 is configured as an ALERT output. If Pin 6 is setup as a THERM2 output, then Bit 7 has no effect. Bit 2 sets the temperature measurement range. If Bit 2 is 0 (default value), the temperature measurement range is set between 0C to +127C. Setting Bit 2 to 1 means that the measurement range is set to the extended temperature range.
ADT7461 REGISTERS
The ADT7461 contains 22 8-bit registers in total. These registers are used to store the results of remote and local temperature measurements and high and low temperature limits and to configure and control the device. A description of these registers follows, and further details are given in Table 7 through Table 11.
Address Pointer Register
The address pointer register itself does not have, or require, an address, as the first byte of every write operation is automatically written to this register. The data in this first byte always contains the address of another register on the ADT7461, which is stored in the address pointer register. It is to this register address that the second byte of a write operation is written to or to which a subsequent read operation is performed. The power-on default value of the address pointer register is 0x00, so if a read operation is performed immediately after power-on, without first writing to the address pointer, the value of the local temperature will be returned, since its register address is 0x00.
Temperature Value Registers
The ADT7461 has three registers to store the results of local and remote temperature measurements. These registers can only be written to by the ADC and can be read by the user over the SMBus. The local temperature value register is at Address 0x00.
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 24
ADT7461
Table 7. Configuration Register Bit Assignments
Bit 7 6 5 4- 3 2 1- 0 Name MASK1 RUN/STOP ALERT/THERM2 Reserved Temperature Range Select Reserved 0 = 0C to 127C 1 = Extended Range Function 0 = ALERT Enabled 1 = ALERT Masked 0 = Run 1 = Standby 0 = ALERT 1 = THERM2 Power-On Default 0 0 0 0 0 0
Limit Registers
The ADT7461 has eight limit registers: high, low, and THERM temperature limits for both local and remote temperature measurements. The remote temperature high and low limits span two registers each, to contain an upper and lower byte for each limit. There is also a THERM hysteresis register. All limit registers can be written to and read back over the SMBus. See Table 12 for details of the limit registers' addresses and their power-on default values. When Pin 6 is configured as an ALERT output, the high limit registers perform a > comparison while the low limit registers perform a comparison. For example, if the high limit register is programmed with 80C, then measuring 81C will result in an out-of-limit condition, setting a flag in the status register. If the low limit register is programmed with 0C, measuring 0C or lower will result in an out-of-limit condition. Exceeding either the local or remote THERM limit asserts THERM low. When Pin 6 is configured as THERM2, exceeding either the local or remote high limit asserts THERM2 low. A default hysteresis value of 10C is provided that applies to both THERM channels. This hysteresis value may be reprogrammed to any value after power up (Register Address 0x21). It is important to remember that the temperature limits data format is the same as the temperature measurement data format. So if the temperature measurement uses default binary, then the temperature limits also use the binary scale. If the temperature measurement scale is switched, however, the temperature limits do not switch automatically. The user must reprogram the limit registers to the desired value in the correct data format. For example, if the remote low limit is set at 10C and the default binary scale is being used, the limit register value should be 0000 1010b. If the scale is switched to offset binary, the value in the low temperature limit register should be reprogrammed to be 0100 1010b.
Conversion Rate Register
The conversion rate register is Address 0x04 at read and Address 0x0A at write. The lowest four bits of this register are used to program the conversion rate by dividing the internal oscillator clock by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 to give conversion times from 15.5 ms (Code 0x0A) to 16 seconds (Code 0x00). For example, a conversion rate of 8 conversions/second means that beginning at 125 ms intervals the device performs a conversion on the internal and the external temperature channels. This register can be written to and read back over the SMBus. The higher four bits of this register are unused and must be set to 0. The default value of this register is 0x08, giving a rate of 16 conversions per second. Use of slower conversion times greatly reduces the device power consumption, as shown in Table 8. Table 8. Conversion Rate Register Codes
Code 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B to 0xFF Conversion/Second 0.0625 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 Reserved Average Supply Current A Typ at VDD = 5.5 V 121.33 128.54 131.59 146.15 169.14 233.12 347.42 638.07 252.44 417.58 816.87
Status Register
The status register is a read-only register, at Address 0x02. It contains status information for the ADT7461. Bit 7 of the status register indicates that the ADC is busy converting when it is high. The other bits in this register flag the out-of-limit temperature measurements (Bits 6-3 and Bits 1-0) and the remote sensor open circuit (Bit 2). If Pin 6 is configured as an ALERT output, the following applies. If the local temperature measurement exceeds its limits, Bit 6 (high limit) or Bit 5 (low limit) of the status register asserts to flag this condition. If the remote temperature measurement exceeds its limits, then Bit 4 (high limit) or Bit 3 (low limit) asserts. Bit 2 asserts to flag an open-circuit condition on the remote sensor. These five flags are NOR'd together, so if any of them is high, the ALERT interrupt latch will be set and the ALERT output will go low.
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 24
ADT7461
Reading the status register will clear the five flags, Bits 6-2, provided the error conditions that caused the flags to be set have gone away. A flag bit can only be reset if the corresponding value register contains an in-limit measurement or if the sensor is good. The ALERT interrupt latch is not reset by reading the status register. It will be reset when the ALERT output has been serviced by the master reading the device address, provided the error condition has gone away and the status register flag bits have been reset. When Flag 1 and/or Flag 0 are set, the THERM output goes low to indicate that the temperature measurements are outside the programmed limits. The THERM output does not need to be reset, unlike the ALERT output. Once the measurements are within the limits, the corresponding status register bits are reset automatically, and the THERM output goes high. The user may add hysteresis by programming Register 0x21. The THERM output will be reset only when the temperature falls to limit value-hysteresis value. When Pin 6 is configured as THERM2, only the high temperature limits are relevant. If Flag 6 and/or Flag 4 are set, the THERM2 output goes low to indicate that the temperature measurements are outside the programmed limits. Flag 5 and Flag 3 have no effect on THERM2. The behavior of THERM2 is otherwise the same as THERM. Table 9. Status Register Bit Assignments
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Name BUSY LHIGH* LLOW* RHIGH* RLOW* OPEN* RTHRM LTHRM Function 1 When ADC Converting 1 When Local High Temperature Limit Tripped 1 When Local Low Temperature Limit Tripped 1 When Remote High Temperature Limit Tripped 1 When Remote Low Temperature Limit Tripped 1 When Remote Sensor Open Circuit 1 When Remote THERM Limit Tripped 1 When Local THERM Limit Tripped
programmed is -128C, and the maximum is +127.75C. The value in the offset register is added or subtracted to the measured value of the remote temperature. The offset register powers up with a default value of 0C and will have no effect unless the user writes a different value to it. Table 10. Sample Offset Register Codes
Offset Value -128C -4C -1C -0.25C 0C +0.25C +1C +4C +127.75C 0x11 1000 0000 1111 1100 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000 0100 0111 1111 0x12 00 00 0000 00 00 0000 00 000000 10 00 0000 00 00 0000 01 00 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 0000 11 00 0000
One-Shot Register
The one-shot register is used to initiate a conversion and comparison cycle when the ADT7461 is in standby mode, after which the device returns to standby. Writing to the one-shot register address (0x0F) causes the ADT7461 to perform a conversion and comparison on both the internal and the external temperature channels. This is not a data register as such, and it is the write operation to Address 0x0F that causes the one-shot conversion. The data written to this address is irrelevant and is not stored.
Consecutive ALERT Register
The value written to this register determines how many out-oflimit measurements must occur before an ALERT is generated. The default value is that one out-of-limit measurement generates an ALERT. The maximum value that can be chosen is 4. The purpose of this register is to allow the user to perform some filtering of the output. This is particularly useful at the fastest three conversion rates, where no averaging takes place. This register is at Address 0x22. Table 11. Consecutive ALERT Register Bit
Register Value yxxx 000x yxxx 001x yxxx 011x yxxx 111x Number of Out-of-Limit Measurements Required 1 2 3 4
*These flags stay high until the status register is read, or they are reset by POR.
Offset Register
Offset errors may be introduced into the remote temperature measurement by clock noise or by the thermal diode being located away from the hot spot. To achieve the specified accuracy on this channel, these offsets must be removed. The offset value is stored as a 10-bit, twos complement value in Registers 0x11 (high byte) and 0x12 (low byte, left justified). Only the upper 2 bits of register 0x12 are used. The MSB of Register 0x11 is the sign bit. The minimum offset that can be
x = Don't care bit. y = SMBus timeout bit. Default = 0. See SMBus section for more information.
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ADT7461
Table 12. List of ADT7461 Registers
Read Address (Hex) Not Applicable 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Not Applicable 10 11 12 13 14 19 20 21 22 FE FF Write Address (Hex) Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F Not Applicable 11 12 13 14 19 20 21 22 Not Applicable Not Applicable Name Address Pointer Local Temperature Value External Temperature Value High Byte Status Configuration Conversion Rate Local Temperature High Limit Local Temperature Low Limit External Temperature High Limit High Byte External Temperature Low Limit High Byte One-Shot External Temperature Value Low Byte External Temperature Offset High Byte External Temperature Offset Low Byte External Temperature High Limit Low Byte External Temperature Low Limit Low Byte External THERM Limit Local THERM Limit THERM Hysteresis Consecutive ALERT Manufacturer ID Die Revision Code Power-On Default Undefined 0000 0000 (0x00) 0000 0000 (0x00) Undefined 0000 0000 (0x00) 0000 1000 (0x08) 0101 0101 (0x55) (85C) 0000 0000 (0x00) (0C) 0101 0101 (0x55) (85C) 0000 0000 (0x00) (0C) 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0110 1100 (0x55) (85C) 0101 0101 (0x55) (85C) 0000 1010 (0x0A) (10C) 0000 0001 (0x01) 0100 0001 (0x41) 0101 0001 (0x51)
*Writing to address 0F causes the ADT7461 to perform a single measurement. It is not a data register as such and it does not matter what data is written to it.
SERIAL BUS INTERFACE
Control of the ADT7461 is carried out via the serial bus. The ADT7461 is connected to this bus as a slave device, under the control of a master device. The ADT7461 has an SMBus timeout feature. When this is enabled, the SMBus will timeout after typically 25 ms of no activity. However, this feature is not enabled by default. Bit 7 of the consecutive alert register (Address = 0x22) should be set to enable it. The ADT7461 supports packet error checking (PEC) and its use is optional. It is triggered by supplying the extra clock for the PEC byte. The PEC byte is calculated using CRC-8. The frame check sequence (FCS) conforms to CRC-8 by the polynomial
C(x ) = x 8 + x 2 + x1 + 1
The serial bus protocol operates as follows: 1. The master initiates data transfer by establishing a START condition, defined as a high-to-low transition on the serial data line SDATA, while the serial clock line SCLK remains high. This indicates that an address/data stream will follow. All slave peripherals connected to the serial bus respond to the START condition and shift in the next eight bits, consisting of a 7-bit address (MSB first) plus an R/W bit, which determines the direction of the data transfer, i.e., whether data will be written to or read from the slave device. The peripheral whose address corresponds to the transmitted address responds by pulling the data line low during the low period before the ninth clock pulse, known as the Acknowledge Bit. All other devices on the bus now remain idle while the selected device waits for data to be read from or written to it. If the R/W bit is a 0, the master will write to the slave device. If the R/W bit is a 1, the master will read from the slave device. Data is sent over the serial bus in a sequence of nine clock pulses, eight bits of data followed by an Acknowledge Bit from the slave device. Transitions on the data line must occur during the low period of the clock signal and remain stable during the high period, since a low-to-high transition when the clock is high may be interpreted as a STOP signal. The number of data bytes that can be transmitted over the
Consult the SMBus 1.1 specification for more information (www.smbus.org).
ADDRESSING THE DEVICE
In general, every SMBus device has a 7-bit device address, except for some devices that have extended, 10-bit addresses. When the master device sends a device address over the bus, the slave device with that address will respond. The ADT7461 is available with one device address, 0x4C (1001 100b).
2.
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ADT7461
serial bus in a single read or write operation is limited only by what the master and slave devices can handle. 3. When all data bytes have been read or written, stop conditions are established. In write mode, the master will pull the data line high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a STOP condition. In read mode, the master device will override the acknowledge bit by pulling the data line high during the low period before the ninth clock pulse. This is known as No Acknowledge. The master will then take the data line low during the low period before the tenth clock pulse, then high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a STOP condition. To write data to one of the device data registers or to read data from it, the address pointer register must be set so that the correct data register is addressed. The first byte of a write operation always contains a valid address that is stored in the address pointer register. If data is to be written to the device, the write operation contains a second data byte that is written to the register selected by the address pointer register. This is illustrated in Figure 15. The device address is sent over the bus followed by R/W set to 0. This is followed by two data bytes. The first data byte is the address of the internal data register to be written to, which is stored in the address pointer register. The second data byte is the data to be written to the internal data register.
Any number of bytes of data may be transferred over the serial bus in one operation, but it is not possible to mix read and write in one operation because the type of operation is determined at the beginning and cannot subsequently be changed without starting a new operation. In the case of the ADT7461, write operations contain either one or two bytes, while read operations contain one byte.
1 SCLK 9
1
9
SDATA START BY MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W ACK. BY ADT7461
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 ACK. BY ADT7461
FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE 1 SCLK (CONTINUED)
FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE 9
SDATA (CONTINUED)
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
04110-0-003
ACK. BY ADT7461 FRAME 3 DATA BYTE
STOP BY MASTER
Figure 15. Writing a Register Address to the Address Pointer Register, then Writing Data to the Selected Register
1 SCLK 9 1 9
SDATA START BY MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W ACK. BY ADT7461
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
04110-0-004 04110-0-005
ACK. BY ADT7461 FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE
STOP BY MASTER
FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
Figure 16. Writing to the Address Pointer Register Only
1 SCLK 9 1 9
SDATA START BY MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W ACK. BY ADT7461
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 ACK. BY ADT7461 STOP BY MASTER
FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
FRAME 2 DATA BYTE FROM ADT7461
Figure 17. Reading from a Previously Selected Register
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ADT7461
When reading data from a register there are two possibilities: * If the ADT7461's address pointer register value is unknown or not the desired value, it is first necessary to set it to the correct value before data can be read from the desired data register. This is done by performing a write to the ADT7461 as before, but only the data byte containing the register read address is sent, as data is not to be written to the register. This is shown in Figure 16. A read operation is then performed consisting of the serial bus address, R/W bit set to 1, followed by the data byte read from the data register. This is shown in Figure 17. * If the address pointer register is known to be already at the desired address, data can be read from the corresponding data register without first writing to the address pointer register and the bus transaction shown in Figure 16 can be omitted.
MASTER RECEIVES SMBALERT START ALERT RESPONSE ADDRESS MASTER SENDS ARA AND READ COMMAND RD ACK DEVICE ADDRESS DEVICE SENDS ITS ADDRESS NO STOP ACK
04110-0-006
Figure 18. Use of SMBALERT
1. 2.
SMBALERT is pulled low. Master initiates a read operation and sends the alert response address (ARA = 0001 100). This is a general call address that must not be used as a specific device address. The device whose ALERT output is low responds to the alert response address and the master reads its device address. As the device address is seven bits, an LSB of 1 is added. The address of the device is now known and it can be interrogated in the usual way. If more than one device's ALERT output is low, the one with the lowest device address will have priority, in accordance with normal SMBus arbitration. Once the ADT7461 has responded to the alert response address, it will reset its ALERT output, provided that the error condition that caused the ALERT no longer exists. If the SMBALERT line remains low, the master will send the ARA again, and so on until all devices whose ALERT outputs were low have responded.
3.
Notes 1. Although it is possible to read a data byte from a data register without first writing to the address pointer register, if the address pointer register is already at the correct value, it is not possible to write data to a register without writing to the address pointer register because the first data byte of a write is always written to the address pointer register. Do not forget that some of the ADT7461 registers have different addresses for read and write operations. The write address of a register must be written to the address pointer if data is to be written to that register, but it may not be possible to read data from that address. The read address of a register must be written to the address pointer before data can be read from that register.
4.
5.
2.
LOW POWER STANDBY MODE
The ADT7461 can be put into low power standby mode by setting Bit 6 of the configuration register. When Bit 6 is low, the ADT7461 operates normally. When Bit 6 is high, the ADC is inhibited, and any conversion in progress is terminated without writing the result to the corresponding value register. The SMBus is still enabled. Power consumption in the standby mode is reduced to less than 10 A if there is no SMBus activity or 100 A if there are clock and data signals on the bus. When the device is in standby mode, it is still possible to initiate a one-shot conversion of both channels by writing to the oneshot register (Address 0x0F), after which the device will return to standby. It does not matter what is written to the one-shot register, all data written to it is ignored. It is also possible to write new values to the limit register while in standby mode. If the values stored in the temperature value registers are now outside the new limits, an ALERT is generated, even though the ADT7461 is still in standby.
ALERT OUTPUT
This is applicable when Pin 6 is configured as an ALERT output. The ALERT output goes low whenever an out-of-limit measurement is detected, or if the remote temperature sensor is open circuit. It is an open-drain output and requires a pull-up to VDD. Several ALERT outputs can be wire-ORed together, so that the common line will go low if one or more of the ALERT outputs goes low. The ALERT output can be used as an interrupt signal to a processor, or it may be used as an SMBALERT. Slave devices on the SMBus cannot normally signal to the bus master that they want to talk, but the SMBALERT function allows them to do so. One or more ALERT outputs can be connected to a common SMBALERT line connected to the master. When the SMBALERT line is pulled low by one of the devices, the following procedure occurs as illustrated in Figure 18.
SENSOR FAULT DETECTION
The ADT7461 has sensor fault detection circuitry internally at its D+ input. This circuit can detect situations where an external remote diode is not connected, or is incorrectly connected, to
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ADT7461
the ADT7461. A simple voltage comparator trips if the voltage at D+ exceeds VDD -1 V (typical), signifying an open circuit between D+ and D-. The output of this comparator is checked when a conversion is initiated. Bit 2 of the status register (OPEN flag) is set if a fault is detected. If the ALERT pin is enabled, setting this flag will cause ALERT to assert low. If the user does not wish to use an external sensor with the ADT7461, then in order to prevent the OPEN flag being set continuously, the user should tie the D+ and D- inputs of the ADT7461 together. Most temperature sensing diodes have an operating temperature range of -55C to +150C. Above 150C, they lose their semiconductor characteristics and approximate conductors instead. This results in a diode short, setting the OPEN flag. The external diode in this case will no longer give an accurate temperature measurement. A read of the temperature result register will give the last good temperature measurement. The user should be aware that, while the diode fault is triggered, the temperature measurement on the external channel may not be accurate. switched on to cool the system. When THERM goes high again, the fan can be switched off. Programming a hysteresis value protects from fan jitter, where the temperature hovers around the THERM limit, and the fan is constantly being switched. Table 13. THERM Hysteresis
THERM Hysteresis 0C 1C 10C Binary Representation 0 000 0000 0 000 0001 0 000 1010
Figure 19 shows how the THERM and ALERT outputs operate. A user may wish to use the ALERT output as a SMBALERT to signal to the host via the SMBus that the temperature has risen. The user could use the THERM output to turn on a fan to cool the system, if the temperature continues to increase. This method would ensure that there is a fail-safe mechanism to cool the system, without the need for host intervention.
TEMPERATURE 100C 90C 80C 70C 60C 50C 40C RESET BY MASTER ALERT THERM 1 2 3 4
04110-0-007
THE ADT7461 INTERRUPT SYSTEM
The ADT7461 has two interrupt outputs, ALERT and THERM. Both have different functions and behavior. ALERT is maskable and responds to violations of software-programmed temperature limits or an open-circuit fault on the external diode. THERM is intended as a fail-safe interrupt output that cannot be masked. If the external or local temperature exceeds the programmed high temperature limits, or equals or exceeds the low temperature limits, the ALERT output is asserted low. An open-circuit fault on the external diode also causes ALERT to assert. ALERT is reset when serviced by a master reading its device address, provided the error condition has gone away, and the status register has been reset. The THERM output asserts low if the external or local temperature exceeds the programmed THERM limits. The THERM temperature limits should normally be equal to or greater than the high temperature limits. THERM is reset automatically when the temperature falls back within the THERM limit. The external THERM limit is set by default to 85C, as is the local THERM limit. A hysteresis value can be programmed, in which case, THERM will reset when the temperature falls to the limit value minus the hysteresis value. This applies to both local and remote measurement channels. The power-on hysteresis default value is 10C, but this may be reprogrammed to any value after power-up. The hysteresis loop on the THERM outputs is useful when THERM is used for on/off control of a fan. The user's system can be set up so that when THERM asserts a fan can be
THERM LIMIT THERM LIMIT-HYSTERESIS HIGH TEMP LIMIT
Figure 19. Operation of the ALERT and THERM Interrupts
1.
If the measured temperature exceeds the high temperature limit, the ALERT output will assert low. If the temperature continues to increase and exceeds the THERM limit, the THERM output asserts low. This can be used to throttle the CPU clock or switch on a fan. The THERM output deasserts (goes high) when the temperature falls to THERM limit minus hysteresis. In Figure 19, the default hysteresis value of 10C is shown. The ALERT output deasserts only when the temperature has fallen below the high temperature limit, and the master has read the device address and cleared the status register.
2.
3.
4.
Pin 6 on the ADT7461 can be configured as either an ALERT output or as an additional THERM output. THERM2 will assert low when the temperature exceeds the programmed local and/or remote high temperature limits. It is reset in the same manner as THERM, and it is not maskable. The programmed hysteresis value applies to THERM2 also.
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ADT7461
Figure 20 shows how THERM and THERM2 might operate together to implement two methods of cooling the system. In this example, the THERM2 limits are set lower than the THERM limits. The THERM2 output could be used to turn on a fan. If the temperature continues to rise and exceeds the THERM limits, the THERM output could provide additional cooling by throttling the CPU.
TEMPERATURE 90C 80C 70C 60C 50C 40C 30C 1 THERM2 THERM 2 3
04110-0-008
The construction of a filter allows the ADT7461 and the remote temperature sensor to operate in noisy environments. Figure 21 shows a low-pass R-C-R filter, with the following values: R = 100 and C = 1 nF. This filtering reduces both common-mode noise and differential noise.
100 REMOTE TEMPERATURE SENSOR 1nF 100 D- D+
04110-0-009
THERM LIMIT
Figure 21. Filter Between Remote Sensor and ADT7461
FACTORS AFFECTING DIODE ACCURACY
THERM2 LIMIT
Remote Sensing Diode
The ADT7461 is designed to work with substrate transistors built into processors or with discrete transistors. Substrate transistors will generally be PNP types with the collector connected to the substrate. Discrete types can be either PNP or NPN transistor connected as a diode (base shorted to collector). If an NPN transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D+ and the emitter to D-. If a PNP transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D- and the emitter to D+. To reduce the error due to variations in both substrate and discrete transistors, a number of factors should be taken into consideration: * The ideality factor, nf, of the transistor is a measure of the deviation of the thermal diode from ideal behavior. The ADT7461 is trimmed for an nf value of 1.008. The following equation may be used to calculate the error introduced at a temperature T (C), when using a transistor whose nf does not equal 1.008. Consult the processor data sheet for the nf values.
4
Figure 20. Operation of the THERM and THERM2 Interrupts
1. 2.
When the THERM2 limit is exceeded, the THERM2 signal asserts low. If the temperature continues to increase and exceeds the THERM limit, the THERM output asserts low. The THERM output deasserts (goes high) when the temperature falls to THERM limit minus hysteresis. In Figure 20, there is no hysteresis value shown. As the system cools further, and the temperature falls below the THERM2 limit, the THERM2 signal resets. Again, no hysteresis value is shown for THERM2.
3.
4.
The temperature measurement could be either the local or the external temperature measurement.
T = n f - 1.008 /1.008 x (273.15 Kelvin + T )
To factor this in, the user can write the T value to the offset register. It will then be automatically added to or subtracted from the temperature measurement by the ADT7461. * Some CPU manufacturers specify the high and low current levels of the substrate transistors. The high current level of the ADT7461, IHIGH, is 96 A and the low level current, ILOW, is 6 A. If the ADT7461 current levels do not match the current levels specified by the CPU manufacturer, it may become necessary to remove an offset. The CPUs data sheet will advise whether this offset needs to be removed and how to calculate it. This offset may be programmed to the offset register. It is important to note that if more than one offset must be considered, the algebraic sum of these offsets must be programmed to the offset register.
(
)
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Noise Filtering
For temperature sensors operating in noisy environments, previous practice was to place a capacitor across the D+ and D- pins to help combat the effects of noise. However, large capacitances affect the accuracy of the temperature measurement, leading to a recommended maximum capacitor value of 1000 pF. While this capacitor will reduce the noise, it will not eliminate it, making it difficult to use the sensor in a very noisy environment. The ADT7461 has a major advantage over other devices when it comes to eliminating the effects of noise on the external sensor. The series resistance cancellation feature allows a filter to be constructed between the external temperature sensor and the part. The effect of any filter resistance seen in series with the remote sensor is automatically cancelled from the temperature result.
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ADT7461
If a discrete transistor is being used with the ADT7461, the best accuracy will be obtained by choosing devices according to the following criteria: * * * * Base-emitter voltage greater than 0.25 V at 6 A, at the highest operating temperature. Base-emitter voltage less than 0.95 V at 100 A, at the lowest operating temperature. Base resistance less than 100 . Small variation in hFE (say 50 to 150) that indicates tight control of VBE characteristics. *
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
Digital boards can be electrically noisy environments, and the ADT7461 is measuring very small voltages from the remote sensor, so care must be taken to minimize noise induced at the sensor inputs. The following precautions should be taken: * Place the ADT7461 as close as possible to the remote sensing diode. Provided that the worst noise sources, i.e., clock generators, data/address buses, and CRTs, are avoided, this distance can be 4 inches to 8 inches. Route the D+ and D- tracks close together, in parallel, with grounded guard tracks on each side. To minimize inductance and reduce noise pick-up, a 5 mil track width and spacing is recommended. Provide a ground plane under the tracks if possible.
GND 5MIL 5MIL D+ 5MIL 5MIL D- 5MIL
04110-0-010
Transistors, such as 2N3904, 2N3906, or equivalents in SOT-23 packages, are suitable devices to use.
THERMAL INERTIA AND SELF-HEATING
Accuracy depends on the temperature of the remote sensing diode and/or the internal temperature sensor being at the same temperature as that being measured. A number of factors can affect this. Ideally, the sensor should be in good thermal contact with the part of the system being measured. If it is not, the thermal inertia caused by the sensor's mass will cause a lag in the response of the sensor to a temperature change. In the case of the remote sensor, this should not be a problem, since it will either be a substrate transistor in the processor or can be a small package device, such as SOT-23, placed in close proximity to it. The on-chip sensor, however, will often be remote from the processor and will only be monitoring the general ambient temperature around the package. The thermal time constant of the SOIC-8 package in still air is about 140 seconds, and if the ambient air temperature quickly changed by 100 degrees, it would take about 12 minutes (5 time constants) for the junction temperature of the ADT7461 to settle within 1 degree of this. In practice, the ADT7461 package will be in electrical, and hence thermal, contact with a PCB and may also be in a forced airflow. How accurately the temperature of the board and/or the forced airflow reflects the temperature to be measured will also affect the accuracy. Self-heating due to the power dissipated in the ADT7461 or the remote sensor causes the chip temperature of the device or remote sensor to rise above ambient. However, the current forced through the remote sensor is so small that selfheating is negligible. In the case of the ADT7461, the worst-case condition occurs when the device is converting at 64 conversions per second while sinking the maximum current of 1 mA at the ALERT and THERM output. In this case, the total power dissipation in the device is about 4.5 mW. The thermal resistance, JA, of the SOIC-8 package is about 121C/W. *
5MIL GND 5MIL
Figure 22. Typical Arrangement of Signal Tracks
Try to minimize the number of copper/solder joints that can cause thermocouple effects. Where copper/solder joints are used, make sure that they are in both the D+ and D- path and at the same temperature. Thermocouple effects should not be a major problem as 1C corresponds to about 200 mV, and thermocouple voltages are about 3 mV/C of temperature difference. Unless there are two thermocouples with a big temperature differential between them, thermocouple voltages should be much less than 200 mV.
*
Place a 0.1 F bypass capacitor close to the VDD pin. In extremely noisy environments, an input filter capacitor may be placed across D+ and D- close to the ADT7461. This capacitance can effect the temperature measurement, so care must be taken to ensure that any capacitance seen at D+ and D- is a maximum of 1,000 pF. This maximum value includes the filter capacitance, plus any cable or stray capacitance between the pins and the sensor diode. If the distance to the remote sensor is more than 8 inches, the use of twisted pair cable is recommended. This will work up to about 6 feet to 12 feet.
*
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ADT7461
* For really long distances (up to 100 feet), use shielded twisted pair, such as Belden No. 8451 microphone cable. Connect the twisted pair to D+ and D- and the shield to GND close to the ADT7461. Leave the remote end of the shield unconnected to avoid ground loops.
APPLICATION CIRCUIT
Figure 23 shows a typical application circuit for the ADT7461, using a discrete sensor transistor connected via a shielded, twisted pair cable. The pull-ups on SCLK, SDATA, and ALERT are required only if they are not already provided elsewhere in the system. The SCLK and SDATA pins of the ADT7461 can be interfaced directly to the SMBus of an I/O controller, such as the Intel 820 chipset.
Because the measurement technique uses switched current sources, excessive cable or filter capacitance can affect the measurement. When using long cables, the filter capacitance may be reduced or removed.
ADT7461
VDD 0.1F D+ SCLK D- 2N3906 OR CPU THERMAL DIODE SHIELD SDATA ALERT/ THERM2 VDD THERM GND FAN CONTROL CIRCUIT TYP 10k 5V OR 12V SMBUS CONTROLLER TYP 10k 3V TO 3.6V
FAN ENABLE
Figure 23. Typical Application Circuit
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04110-0-011
ADT7461 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
5.00 (0.1968) 4.80 (0.1890)
8 5 4
4.00 (0.1574) 3.80 (0.1497) 1
6.20 (0.2440) 5.80 (0.2284)
1.27 (0.0500) BSC 0.25 (0.0098) 0.10 (0.0040)
1.75 (0.0688) 1.35 (0.0532)
0.50 (0.0196) x 45 0.25 (0.0099)
0.51 (0.0201) COPLANARITY SEATING 0.31 (0.0122) 0.10 PLANE
8 0.25 (0.0098) 0 1.27 (0.0500) 0.40 (0.0157) 0.17 (0.0067)
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MS-012AA CONTROLLING DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS; INCH DIMENSIONS (IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN
Figure 24. 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC] (R-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters and (inches)
3.00 BSC
8
5
3.00 BSC
4
4.90 BSC
PIN 1 0.65 BSC 0.15 0.00 0.38 0.22 COPLANARITY 0.10 1.10 MAX 8 0 0.80 0.60 0.40
0.23 0.08 SEATING PLANE
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187AA
Figure 25. 8-Lead Micro Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model ADT7461AR ADT7461AR-REEL ADT7461AR-REEL7 ADT7461ARM ADT7461ARM-REEL ADT7461ARM-REEL7 EVAL-ADT7461EB Operating Temperature Range -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Package Description 8-Lead SOIC Package 8-Lead SOIC Package 8-Lead SOIC Package 8-Lead MSOP Package 8-Lead MSOP Package 8-Lead MSOP Package ADT7461 Evaluation Board Package Option R-8 R-8 R-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Branding Information ADT7461AR ADT7461AR ADT7461AR T1B T1B T1B SMBus Address 4C 4C 4C 4C 4C 4C
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ADT7461 NOTES
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ADT7461 NOTES
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ADT7461 NOTES
(c) 2003 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. C04110-0-10/03(0)
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